Windows And Problems

Sooner or later, anyone faced with the problem of software. His computer begins to slow down, give strange errors, and sooner or later will not run at all, while issuing a lot of incomprehensible text on a black or blue screen. With such a problem might face as a beginner, I recently bought a computer, and quite an experienced user. As part of this article MirSovetov proposes to deal with the causes, because that might "break» Windows, and advise how to avoid all this.
Now the most common are perhaps the two operating systems Windows: this is XP and Vista. The reasons for failure, in principle, the same. But due to the fact that the systems differ from each other, we have to consider both of these products.
Thus, the main causes of "failure» Windows include: viruses, incorrect installation or removal of programs from accidentally deleting needed files, voltage drops, the installation of incompatible software and other seemingly little things because of which Windows «freezes, kernel panics," " slows, and then does not turn on. But first things first.
How to avoid viruses
The first of what we'll see - a virus. Programs that violate the stable operation of the operating system, overwriting, destroying and destroying files - all these viruses.
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Before talking about how to avoid viruses, let's understand the mechanisms of their distribution. By and large, the virus can get on the computer or the Internet (or LAN), or from any data carrier (extraneous hard drive, flash drive, floppy disk, etc.). To make it clearer, imagine a simple situation. For example, you have a friend who has a lot of computer viruses. He recorded on a DVD for your movie. You run this disk on your computer and with a probability of 70% of your computer is also infected with viruses. And at first it was all harmless enough, a friend just wrote to you a film, and no extra files. Someone such a situation may seem ridiculous, but it happens.
Now let's talk about how to protect your computer. The most basic thing, and I would say the only means of protection - an antivirus. The varieties of anti-virus products will not talk, for the simple reason that his own taste is not. MirSovetov only recommend using only time-tested programs, such as Doctor Web (DrWeb) and Kaspersky Anti-Virus - virus, they are quite effective. But, as mentioned in the review of antivirus software, software from Kaspersky Lab's very demanding on resources, so it can slow down your system.
In any full-fledged anti-virus has two modes of operation. The first - automatic (anti-virus is in the computer memory and displayed on the taskbar) and manual (anti-virus is on your hard disk and you have to run it yourself).
First, let's look at the automatic mode for example antivirus DrWeb. In automatic mode it is in the computer's memory, but on the taskbar (near the clock) is an icon. In automatic mode, anti-virus is in the computer's memory, but on the taskbar (near the clock) is znachokNa image on the right, he circled in red. If the icon is crossed, it means that antivirus is not working. In automatic mode, the antivirus program itself keeps track of all the processes that threaten your PC and prevent any attempts of virus attacks. If something is found, then by default asks the user what to do with infected file: disinfect, delete, rename, or move. In principle, we should consider only two points. First - to heal. If not - remove.
A separate case when the virus struck by a system file (which in no case be removed, but the cure is not possible). To start, let's see what the system files.
First - these are files, without which there can be started and work stably operating system. These files are usually on the C drive (or on the drive where your OS is), catalogs «Program Files», «Windows», «Documents and Settings», as well as several files with the extension sys, bat and ini in the root directory (for Windows XP). If we are dealing with Windows Vista, it's files in the folders shown in the figure (red strikethrough is not critical, and therefore not particularly important for the Vist-s files).
If we are dealing with Windows Vista, it's files in the folders shown 2na figure (red strikethrough is not critical, and therefore not particularly important for the Vist-s files)
So, if the contamination occurred and treatment is not possible, then we have a few options.

1. If you have sufficient knowledge and skills - then restore the system files (more on this in the end of the article).
2. Restore the operating system from the backup (this also will be discussed later).
3. And last - if nothing comes, then you have lost your OS. But again, if you have installed Kaspersky with fresh database, the probability of infection is extremely low.

Now about the second - the manual mode. In principle, it can not use. Only when it can be useful - if, because of viruses automatic regime refuses to work.
When we run the web doctors in manual mode, it first checks RAM, boot sectors of all disks, startup objects, root, system and temporary directories.
And only then can choose "selective" mode, in which we need to be verified drives and directories. To do this we must provide the necessary folder and click on the button, start checking (very similar to the button «Play» on players).
You can then select the "selective" mode, in which we need to be verified drives and directories
Then antivirus will check. After her table, which is located at the bottom is a list of viruses that have been discovered. In this panel, you too can choose what actions must be performed with viruses. First, as a rule, treat, and if I can not - delete.
Button began testing similar to the button «Play» on players
Remember that anti-virus works effectively only when he has all the databases have been updated. In other words, your antivirus should be able to recognize and treat the most modern of the virus. To do this he must be the latest anti-virus database.
Sami base almost all popular antivirus programs are updated equally. To do this, click on the icon in the taskbar, right-click. And select "Update". At this time, your computer must be connected to the Internet. If the Internet is not, it can be in any internet cafe in your city to download updates, and update your antivirus manually. More detailed instructions can be found on the official site of your antivirus product.
Base almost all popular antivirus programs are updated equally. To do this, click on the icon in the taskbar, right-click. And select "Update"
But almost all antivirus programs you can configure autoupdate. That is an antivirus for such settings will be automatically when an Internet connection to download the database.
Finally, with regard to viruses. Many people ask me how to understand, not having anti-virus, or having the old anti-virus, that the system is infected? This fact can be set to the naked eye. The main signs of infection - is: the computer starts to slow down, starts automatically restart, stop running some programs, there are failures and mistakes, and disappear by themselves move various objects (drives, files, shortcuts). But do not forget that these symptoms are not specific to viruses, but also for other breakdowns.
With regard to the differences in anti-virus protection systems XP and Vista, then do not. All of the above and depicted in the drawings is suitable as for XP, and for Vista.
Proper installation and removal software
Let's start with the installation. Program (to program in this article I would include the game) come in two types: first - set the second - copied. That is the first type of programs we install, run the file «install» or «setup». The second type of program we just copied to your computer.
First, let's get to the first type. His installation, we begin with the launch of an installation file (in Windows XP, simply double left-click on the file), or by clicking the button "Install" (if this game). Then, as a rule, agree to a license agreement and select the various settings of the program, among which there is an item of choice of the selected folder (ie the place where we put the program). I want to make a reservation: before you start to install the program, you must clearly understand two things: First - why you need this program, the second - where you want to install it. For us the most interesting is the second.
By default, the program is on drive C in the folder Program Files, which creates a directory with the name of the installed programs. If you for some reason (eg lack of space on C) is inconvenient to put there program, then by clicking "Change" (in some versions of the "Overview"), you can change the destination folder.
If you for some reason (eg lack of space on C) is inconvenient to put there program, then by clicking "Change" (in some versions of the "Overview"), you can change the destination folder
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That is to install the program on the disk D, for example. When thinking in terms of security of Windows, MirSovetov advise it on drive C to create a folder «Program Data» and install all the programs only go there. And for the games can be on the D drive to create a folder «Games». Again, this is done for security. If you, for example, want to remove a program, and accidentally delete the folder «Games» and «Program Data», with the operating system Windows did not happen. But if you do not please God to remove the folder «Program Files», the system will cease to work.

For Windows Vista, in principle, holds all that is written above. But there is one nuance. Install programs and games you need only run the file «Setup» or «Install». And the file to right click and choose "Run as administrator", or the program may not correctly install.

In Windows Vista, the file need to click the right mouse button and choose "Run as administrator", or the program may not correctly install
If we talk about the programs that you just copied. So how in Windows Vista, and in Windows XP, you will first need to decide where we want to copy the program, then navigate to that directory. Create a folder with the name of the program, and copy the necessary files. Then, for convenience, you can create a shortcut.
Now let's talk about distance. Remove the program can be two ways. But we will consider only one - the universal, because it is the safest and works on all versions of Windows (programs that are installed on your computer by simply copying, just simply removed: «Shift» + «Del» on a dedicated folder).
To remove a program in Windows XP, we must go to the Control Panel (Start - Settings - Control Panel).
To remove a program in Windows XP, we must go to the Control Panel (Start - Settings - Control Panel)
They find the label "Add / Remove Programs". Double click to run. Select desired program. And click Delete.
In Windows Vista, to delete the program should do the same. To go to control panel, should I open "My Computer" and already there select "Control Panel". In the control panel, we should choose the "Programs and Features". And, just by selecting from a list of the program, delete it.
In Windows Vista, to go to control panel, should I open "My Computer" and already there select "Control Panel"
The option "Programs and Features control panel
Another reason because of which may not work Windows - is the removal of necessary files. To avoid this, MirSovetov advises to use as a rule - do not delete anything on the C drive manually, but only through the Add / Remove Programs. And do not write any of its files in the folder «Windows» and «Program Files».
It happens that your children without you something of value can be removed. A lack of these valuable files does not contribute to the future sustainability of the operating system - and, as a result, crashes at startup, blue screen.
To avoid this happened immediately after installing Windows, open drive C. Select all of that out there. And any of the selected files, right click and select "Properties". In the window that appears, tick the words "Hidden", then click Apply.
In the window that appears, tick the words "Hidden", then click "Apply"
Select "Apply changes only to selected items" and click "OK".
Select "Apply changes only to selected items" and click "OK"
Then in the control panel find "Folder Options". Open. Turn to the tab "View". Scrolls to the end and put a checkmark "Do not show hidden files and folders". Then "Apply" and "OK". After that you can be absolutely assured: accidentally neither you nor your children do not delete it.
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Other negative factors for Windows
For other factors that cause failures in Windows, you can classify surges, incompatible with the OS program.
First, you can avoid using UPS - uninterruptible power supply, is sold in computer stores.
A second factor is more complicated. I was in my practice, the case when we have one organization to transfer to Windows Vista. We were asked to put "Alkogol120%. And it immediately after installation "unleashed» Windows. It was found that alcohol was a version of the old and incompatible with the new software. Therefore, dear friends, use only the most-tested program. And you will be fine.
I also want to note this point as the load of RAM. In other words, some programs are installed in the "Startup" and start with Windows, that loads the memory, and also slows down the speed of your computer. To check autoloading need to click "Start" - "Run". Dial command «msconfig».
To check autoloading need to click "Start" - "Run". Dial command «msconfig»
Then go to the tab "Startup". If you put all of its programs in the folder «Program Data», or in any other, different from the «Program Files», can safely remove from startup programs written in these folders. Theoretically, a startup should only be a driver. After modifying the startup choose "Apply", "OK", "Restart".
How to extend the life of Windows
Well, with the basic rules sorted out. And we, in principle, it remains to consider only a few "useful practices" for working with OS family Windows.
For starters, let's imagine that you accidentally deleted or virus has tarnished system file. In order for everything to work properly, the system file to be restored. Let us see how this can be done.
Techniques and rehabilitation programs operating there are so many. But they all require third-party software, which may not be at hand. Therefore MirSovetov consider staffing means Windows.
Restore system files from ERD. But first, the disc you want to create. To do this, go to Start Menu "-" Programs "-" Standard "-" Tools "-" Backup ". There is a powerful Automated System Recovery (ASR), which allows you to create a backup of the entire system. The copy can be stored on any storage medium, large volume. To restore Windows XP to boot from a boot disk and press «F2», and then follow the instructions of the rehabilitation program.
Of course, if you restore a system with ASR-ROM drive, any changes made to it after the establishment of ASR-ROM drive are lost.
In addition, useful to create a system restore point. To do this in Windows XP: Go to Start Menu "-" Standard "-" System Tools "-" System Restore ". Here you can easily create a system restore point, and then return to its original state.
If we talk about Windows Vista, then it must first enable the option system restore points. To do this, Select "Start" - "Computer" - a context menu and select "Properties". We go to the "Advanced System Settings" and then select the tab "System Protection". The tick, which stands near the device, shows that the recovery for this device is enabled.
Window settings restore points in Windows Vista
Then set the checkboxes for all we need discs. After turning on - press "Create" and you're done. Once you enable the System Restore, Windows Vista every day will automatically create a restore point. Restore points are created and in the case of each system events, such as installing software or drivers.
A few ways to extend the work of Windows without reinstalling it were proposed in the article "Restoring Windows».